Abstract: The formation of the urban spatial structure is a spatial expression of the combined effects of urban and rural settlements. Through analysing the evolution and relationship of the urban spatial structure in Tongzhou District, this paper roughly shows the scattered layout of the single function succession of the transportation and storage center in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and its development. Then it transformed to a low-level and balanced urban form. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it showed the polar nuclear clustering around satellite towns, and then transoformed to the key new cities and sub-centers, establishing the initial spatial structure evolution process of polar nuclear proliferation. This is accompanied by the transformation of functions from the suburban industrial node to the center "sleeping city", and then to the eco-city sub-center. It systematically grasps the particularity and objective laws of the spatial structure evolution of Tongzhou's cities and towns, and shows that the development of urban spatial structure has always been influenced by the multiple driving factors that take planning strategy and policy guidance as the core, industry access and spatial layout as the traction, and comprehensive transportation construction as the transmission. It hopes to provide basic support for the rational optimization of urban spatial layout and functional structure of Tongzhou District.