Abstract: As comprehensive heritages, traditional villages are the root of the traditional culture of Chinese nation. However, with the acceleration of urbanization process in China, the construction method of pursuing economic development blindly has become more and more common in traditional villages. The rural features of the villages have been severely damaged and the number of villages has also been sharply reduced, having cut off the historical context. In addition, the large number of people moving out of the country has made traditional villages lose their vitality, because of the backward living conditions are difficult to meet the modern living needs of the villagers. This paper aims to the current protection dilemma, based on the interpretation of the current situation of the four attributes including local culture, economy, space, emotion, and society. The protection and adaptive reuse method of traditional villages based on local culture is proposed to achieve economic revitalization, improvement of the living environment and rural cultural revival, so as to promote the protection and development of traditional villages. Combined with the planning of Zhangwu Village, the in-depth analysis of the implementation methods and effects is expected to provide ideas and case references.