Abstract: On the basis of literature research and field investigation, this paper discusses the protection and utilization of traditional villages in ecologically fragile areas, and holds that ecologically fragile areas have their own uniqueness, where villages are more in response to the fragile ecological environment, so that the protection and utilization should attach importance to the continuation of this relationship. Secondly, it combs the relationship of the southern Xinjiang traditional villages and fragile ecological environment, and puts forward the integral protection idea of villages and environmental, based on the summary of village space construction, ventilation and shading, construction technology, and so on. It also pays attention to the protection of the original water conservancy facilities using, pays attention to the optimization of shadow dimensional ascension, and expands local functional green vegetation concrete measures, hoping to provide reference and scientific basis for the protection and utilization of the traditional villages in ecologically fragile district.