Abstract: Rural development is a complex and systemic issue, and rural revitalization requires systematic, coordinated, and sustainable development. Firstly, the paper uses bibliometrics to analyze the evolution of systems research on ‘human and land systems-social ecological systems-rural system governance’ in rural areas at home and abroad based on Web of Science and CNKI database, and finds the key role of complex system theories such as CAS theory and SES theory in rural system research. Furthermore, it analyzes the frontier achievements of rural complex system research ‘disaster system prevention + livelihood system adaptation + landscape system protection + facility system construction + human and land system coordination’, and concludes that the existing research has limitations of ‘focusing on micro and belittle macro’, ‘focusing on strategy and belittle implementation’, ‘focusing on single perspective and belittle urban-rural interaction’. On one hand, studies on rural risk and resilience based on complex systems will be further integrated, forming a whole research chain from system risk identification to resilience management. On the other hand, it is necessary to make up for the lack of existing research, strengthen macro-scale rural system research, spatial implementation of system optimization strategies, and coordinate urban and rural systemic risk prevention and resilience management.