Abstract: At present, China's scientific and technological innovation development strategy mainly focuses on large and medium-sized cities. The innovation policy biased towards large and medium-sized cities will lead to the unequal distribution of innovation elements between urban and rural areas and the widening gap between urban and rural areas. The synergy of urban and rural scientific and technological innovation can help the flow of innovation elements between urban and rural areas and reduce the gap between urban and rural areas. However, due to the weak industrial foundation and large obstacles with urban space, it is difficult for rural areas to form innovation synergy with cities. Characteristic towns are the connection point between science and innovation cities and villages. The coordinated development of characteristic towns and science and innovation cities will help radiate and drive rural development, promote urban-rural integration and social equity. The collaborative path between science and innovation cities and characteristic towns includes spatial complementary linkage, industrial collaborative layout, functional compound development, etc. Taking the area around Chaohu Lake as an example, this study analyzes the preconditions for the synergy between science and innovation city and characteristic town, and explores the coordinated development path between science and innovation city and characteristic town, in order to provide some reference for the development of characteristic town in the future.