Abstract: With the continuous improvement of urbanization, the development cognition of rural society has changed from 'bottom line thinking' to 'development thinking', and the needs of villagers have changed from 'survival' to 'quality'. In addition, in recent years, the implementation and deepening of the national policy on the equalization of public services have greatly improved the 'quantity and quality' of the construction of rural public service facilities. However, due to the neglect of the regional characteristics of the village, population development, villagers' needs and other factors, the existing allocation of rural public service facilities has some problems, such as low efficiency, poor spatial quality, poor functional relevance and so on. Based on this, through the analysis of the spatial layout of rural public service facilities in Zizhou County, this paper uses the methods of field investigation and POI data analysis to conduct in-depth research, and summarizes that the problems of public service facilities in Zizhou County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province are mainly reflected in three aspects: the mismatch of demand and supply, the dislocation of spatial layout, and the misuse of function. Finally, based on the perspective of human land relationship, this paper explores the impact of population flow and geographical space on the allocation of public service facilities, and puts forward the optimization layout strategy of rural public service facilities in loess hilly and gully region, in order to provide reference for improving the development capacity of rural areas in China, promoting the construction of urban-rural integration, and realizing rural revitalization as soon as possible.