Abstract: As rural revitalization has become a national strategy in the new era, the governance of rural human settlements has gradually become a hot topic, and the planning and construction of rural public toilets has also become one of the short boards to be improved urgently. In order to effectively solve the contradictions and problems of toilet use in rural areas, a set of relatively mature technical routes for rural public toilet service level evaluation and layout optimization are proposed, and take Lili Town, Wujiang District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province in the Yangtze River Delta Eco-Green Integrated Development Demonstration Zone as an example for empirical analysis. This paper analyzes the service scope, service quality and service fairness of public toilets in rural areas by using buffer zone method, two-step mobile search method and Lorentz curve method, and then analyzes and summarizes the service problems and the contradiction between supply and demand of public toilets in rural areas. Finally, based on the evaluation of the service level of public toilets in rural areas, the set coverage location model is used to optimize the spatial layout of public toilets in rural areas, so as to provide a reasonable scheme for the planning and construction of public toilets and promote the improvement of a better living environment in rural areas.