Abstract: Focusing on the key issues of 'symbiosis governance' between nature reserves and dependent villages, this paper puts forward the spatial concept of the ecological buffer zone around villages, based on the speculation and deduction of the classical theory and method of buffer. The spatial range of the ecological buffer zone around the village was identified by using the 'protection and interference' fault point analysis. Based on the characteristics of land use and ecological protection, a 'two-dimensional-six-factor' analysis and evaluation model is established. With the help of cluster analysis method to realize the classification of features, and finally formed a research framework for the optimization of ecological buffer management around villages. With a view to our nature reserves and rural communities symbiotic governance to provide some additional thinking and methods to explore. Further, an empirical study is carried out using the Baiyang Lake Nature Reserve as an example, of which the result shows that bird conservation and reed decay are key issues, and most of the basic ecological units in Baiyang Lake are contiguous areas. Finally, taking 'symbiosis of wetlands and villages' as the goal, it proposes the pertinence governance strategy.