Abstract: Since China's reform and opening up, great changes have taken place in China's rural traditional economic pattern and social structure. In this process, the farmers' living space has also changed in many aspects, such as spatial structures, internal function, and so on. Therefore, this paper takes the Bolitai Village in Pinggu District of Beijing as an example, using the theory of rural reconstruction, analyzes development process and driving mechanism of the reconstruction of residential space in Bolitai Village in Beijing, and draws the following conclusions. First, the farmer's living spatial structure of Bolitai Village farmyard shows that the residential function is becoming more and more diversified, the spatial setting is more flexible, and the relevant facilities are constantly adapted, the utilization rate is gradually improved. Second, national policy, industrial structure, market mechanism and population structure are the main driving factors in the evolution of the farmer's living spatial structure of Bolitai Village farmyard. Third, the reconstruction of the residential space of Bolitai Village is the most direct manifestation of the re-integration of various elements combined action of economic reconstruction and social reconstruction.