Abstract: The Ming Great Wall military defense system has had a profound impact on the spatial form of the surrounding rural settlements and has shown complex differences. Taking 30 settlements along the Ming Great Wall in Miyun District, Beijing as the research object, this study investigates, quantifies, and compares the morphological differences between the general settlement space and the settlement space inside and outside the Chengbu, and analyzes the spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the settlements along the Ming Great Wall in Beijing. It is found that settlement scale, settlement boundary morphology, degree of road network connectivity, degree of public space structure, and floor area order have obvious correlations with Chengbu. The military defense system of the Ming Great Wall, natural environmental restrictions, and lifestyle changes are the main factors affecting the spatial morphological characteristics of settlements along the Ming Great Wall. This study provides references for the cognition of spatial morphological characteristics of settlements along the Ming Great Wall, the conservation and development planning of traditional villages, and the protection and inheritance of the Great Wall cultural heritage space.