Abstract: Jiangsu counties' development has always been at the forefront of the country, and the counties play an important role in the process of Jiangsu's modernization development. Therefore, taking Jiangsu counties as the construction and application objects of a modernization evaluation index system is a concrete manifestation of Jiangsu in promoting China's path to modernization. On the basis of systematically reviewing the development process of China's modernization evaluation index system, this article analyzes the current 'four new' requirements and scientifically constructs a Jiangsu county-level modernization evaluation index system guided by goal concepts, with three levels and five dimensions of 'innovation vitality' 'quality of life' 'green ecology' 'integration and sharing' and 'safety and resilience'. According to this index system, the modernization development of 49 county-level units in Jiangsu is evaluated to identify their respective strengths and weaknesses, in order to guide the subsequent modernization development of each county. In order to give full play to the role of this index system and promote the modernization development of Jiangsu counties, this paper puts forward three suggestions: 'continuously improving the construction of the index system' 'utilizing the index system to guide the modernization development of counties in Jiangsu' and 'enhancing the demonstration role of the index system for counties across the country'.