Abstract: People-oriented urbanization is the core concept of contemporary urban development in China, and the county serves as an important level for implementing this concept. In fact, the practice of peopleoriented urbanization at the county level has already commenced, with Longgang, Zhejiang Province, being a typical representative. As China's first farmers' city, one of the first batch of comprehensive pilot projects for new urbanization reform, and the only case of the adjustment of the administrative division from town to city since the new century, Longgang has undergone two rounds of people-oriented urbanization practices over the course of 40 years. These practices encompass the 'joint urbanization' during the initial construction period and the 'full-area citizenship' during the period of new urbanization reform. Within the context of historical genes and contemporary reforms, the practice of people-oriented urbanization in Longgang exposes some changes and certain constants in the relationship between 'government-society-market': the change lies in the evolution of the overall structure under the roles of the three entities, while the constancy lies in the micro-mechanisms of their positive interaction.