Abstract: This article takes traditional Miao dwellings in the border area of Hunan and Guizhou as the research objects. Through systematic investigation and field mapping, the paper classifies the residential types based on the spatial form of the hall and the combination relationship between the hall and other rooms, revealing the adaptive expression of Miao traditional dwellings to the regional natural and cultural environment. Furthermore, the paper delves into the characteristics and mechanisms of factors that contribute to the variations in the plane types of Miao traditional houses, including grounding modes, sacrificial spaces, and fire pits. The ultimate goal is to preserve the diversity of ethnic architectural cultural ecology and to provide impetus for the construction of new rural dwellings.