Abstract: Studying the decision-making mechanism of farmers' outbound behavior under the background of county-level urbanization is a fundamental task for effectively guiding the local and nearby transfer of the agricultural population, alleviating the 'big city disease', and promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Based on the perspective of urban-rural population mobility, this paper constructs a decision-making mechanism model for farmers' outbound behavior using push-pull theory and the theory of planned behavior. A total of 362 survey questionnaires were collected from rural areas near the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration. The structural equation model was employed to empirically study the decision-making mechanism of farmers' outbound behavior in this region. The results indicate that: 1) Perceived thrust, perceived pull, and perceived core force indirectly influence farmers' actual outbound behavior by affecting their attitudes and intentions towards going out. Among them, perceived thrust and perceived pull have a positive impact, while perceived core force has a negative impact. 2) Farmers' perceived personal abilities and perceived family abilities have a significant moderating effect between their willingness to go out and their actual behavior, with the moderating effect of perceived personal abilities being stronger. Finally, based on the decision-making mechanism, the policy implications of county-level urbanization are explored. Countermeasures and suggestions are proposed, including enhancing village appearance to weaken the pushing force of rural areas, revitalizing idle assets to consolidate the advantages of rural core power, enriching township economic formats to enhance the pulling force of townships, and improving the quality of life of farmers in county towns through multiple channels.