Abstract: In mountainous regions, rural ecological security is a crucial assurance for the sustainable development of rural revitalization. The foundation for rural ecological security is provided by rural ecological risk assessment. Using the mountainous villages of Fujian as an example, this study developed a framework for assessing rural ecological risk based on ecological adaptability theory. It then employed this framework to evaluate the current state of rural ecological risk and assess the rationality of land use arrangement in rural planning. The results show that: 1) There are significant differences in risks related to connectivity, development potential, and resilience among different villages, reflecting the varying ecological characteristics and adaptive capacities of each village. Based on the types of risk combinations, Anhou Village was classified as low development potential-low connectivity-high resilience, while the other nine villages, including Xiayong Village, were classified as high development potentiallow connectivity-high resilience. 2) When comparing ecological risk classification maps with village planning maps, it was found that high-risk areas are mostly concentrated in areas focused on human development, while natural areas such as forest land have lower risks. Most villages have taken measures to mitigate ecological risks, but some planning decisions, such as converting forest land to paddy fields, still have adverse effects. This study will serve as a reference for assessing ecological risks and ensuring ecological security in villages in southern Fujian.