Abstract: Huizhou area has accumulated rich natural and cultural foundation, forming characteristic traditional settlement style. Taking Hongcun, the most representative water system in Huizhou, as the research object, and taking the water system as the entry point, this paper analyzes the water system of Hongcun through literature reading, field research and interviews, systematic analysis, etc., summarizes the three types of Hongcun's water system and landscape space in the form of point, line, and surface, and summarizes two types of water system and landscape space constituting elements of the natural and artificial water system. It analyzes the characteristics of the water system and landscape space in Huizhou, manifesting themselves as the attachment to the nature of the water, superposition of progressive development, combination of water landscape space, and fusion of humanistic interaction. It summarizes the elements of natural and artificial water landscape space, and explores the characteristics of Huizhou water landscape space construction, which is manifested as the attachment of natural landscape, the superposition of progressive development, the combination of water landscape space, and the integration of humanistic interaction. It reveals the evolution mechanism of water landscape space of Huizhou traditional settlements from five aspects: nature, society, fengshui, economy, and culture. The study of water landscape space construction methods in typical villages has certain theoretical and practical significance in the study of water landscape space in traditional settlements, and provides a more solid theoretical foundation for the renewal and restoration of contemporary traditional settlements.