Abstract: The community-based transformation of villages and towns is a spatial reconstruction approach for rural settlements in the context of new urbanization and a necessary path for rural revitalization. One of its specific measures is to enhance the level of public service facilities in rural areas. Taking rural areas in Shandong Province as the research scope, with the aim of improving the quality of rural living environments, this paper analyzes the concept of livable units in rural communities and addresses the issue of appropriate spatial layouts for public service facilities. By introducing the theory of life circles, combined with field research, the ArcGIS network analysis method is used to construct a 5-minute basic life circle, guiding the division of livable units in rural areas. Spatial syntax is employed as an analytical tool to explore the layout relationship and causes between livable units and existing public service facilities. By constructing a quantitative indicator system, this study investigates the layout mechanism of public service facilities within these units and summarizes the spatial layout types and patterns of public service facilities in livable units of rural communities. The research findings can serve as a reference for spatial reconstruction strategies, policy formulation, and planning and design related to the transformation of rural communities.