Abstract: Rural regional functions represent spatial multifunctional complexes that support both the production and livelihoods of farmers. Identifying the types of rural multifunctionality and exploring their influencing factors are crucial for formulating diverse rural development pathways. This paper takes Henan Province as a case study to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of rural multifunctionality, identify rural functional types, and investigate the factors influencing spatial differentiation by constructing a multifunctional evaluation index system for rural areas. The study reveals that: 1) The rural regional functions in Henan Province exhibit significant spatial differentiation, with the agricultural security function index being the highest and the economic development function index being the lowest; 2) Four types of rural regional functions are identified in Henan Province, which are polarized in terms of quantity. The development-type is predominant, the lack-of-development type is relatively dispersed, and there is only one comprehensive-development type; 3) The natural environment is the primary factor influencing the multifunctional differentiation of rural areas in Henan Province, and the main cause of differentiation stems from the interaction of various influencing factors. This research contributes to the promotion of coordination among rural regional functions and provides theoretical support for differentiated revitalization strategies.