Research on Spatial Gene Identification, Evolution, and Influencing Factors of Rural Settlements in Western Chongqing: A Case Study of Bishan District, Chongqing
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摘要: 本文以乡村振兴战略下广大基层乡村特色保护与传承为背景，针对乡村特色研究中对演进过程与影响机制研究的不足，引入空间基因理论，聚焦渝西特色乡村地区重庆璧山区，采用“场景—特征—基因”技术路线逆向解码渝西乡村聚落空间基因，识别提取出“环丘”“依塘”“自由散居，断续串珠”“敞院堆叠，简洁质朴”四大空间基因。在此基础上展开空间基因的历史演进过程与规律研究，通过历史文献挖掘、影像复原、遥感解译和田野调查实证等技术手段，系统梳理空间基因从明清至当代在不同历史时期的场景特色与特征因子，基于自然环境与社会文化双维度，解析了空间基因演进的历时性与共时性时空特征，并运用AHP分析法定量评价了三级九类影响因素的作用权重，揭示了空间基因在环境传承与进化过程中所展现出的多维要素层积并相互影响的复杂机制，为广大基层乡村特色基因保护和传承提供了理论与技术支撑。Abstract: Against the backdrop of protecting and inheriting rural characteristics at the grassroots level under the strategy of rural revitalization, this paper addresses the inadequacies in research regarding the evolutionary process and influencing mechanisms within the field of rural characteristics studies. It introduces the theory of spatial genes, with a focus on Bishan District, a rural area characterized by unique features in western Chongqing. By adopting the technical pathway of 'scene-feature-gene' the paper reverses the decoding process to identify and extract four major spatial genes in rural settlements in western Chongqing: 'ringed hills', 'pond-adjacent', 'freely scattered in a discontinuous bead-like pattern', and 'open courtyards stacked in a simple and unsophisticated manner'. Building upon this foundation, the paper delves into the historical evolution process and patterns of these spatial genes. Utilizing technical means such as historical document mining, image restoration, remote sensing interpretation, and empirical fieldwork research, it systematically reviews the scene characteristics and feature factors of these spatial genes across different historical periods, ranging from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the contemporary era. Based on the dual dimensions of natural environment and socio-culture, the paper analyzes the diachronic (over time) and synchronic (at the same time) spatio-temporal characteristics of the evolution of these spatial genes. Furthermore, it employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to quantitatively evaluate the weights of nine categories of influencing factors across three levels, thereby revealing the complex mechanism of multidimensional element layering and mutual influence exhibited by spatial genes in the process of environmental inheritance and evolution. This provides theoretical and technical support for the protection and inheritance of characteristic genes in rural areas at the grassroots level.
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Keywords:
- rural settlement /
- space gene /
- evolution process /
- impact mechanism /
- Bishan District of Chongqing
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