Abstract: With the implementation of the national strategy for rural revitalization, rural construction in China has entered a phase of rapid development. However, at present, a systematic and targeted policy framework for characteristic rural planning and management has not yet been put in place. In this context, studying the mature experiences of rural planning and management policies in other countries is of great significance for enhancing rural governance with Chinese characteristics. This paper first systematically organizes Japan's multi-level administrative system, which consists of the 'national-prefectures-cities, towns, and villages' levels, along with its policy framework for rural planning and management. It clarifies the top-down hierarchical relationships and the characteristics of the bottom-up feedback mechanism within Japan's policy system. Secondly, taking Hinohara Village in Tokyo Metropolis, Japan, as a typical case, this paper analyzes how the multi-level rural planning and management policies are implemented in practice. It also summarizes the characteristics of these policies from the perspective of their feedback mechanism. Furthermore, Pengdu Village in Maqiao Town, Minhang District, Shanghai, China, is selected as a comparative case to explore the similarities and differences between rural planning and management policies in China and Japan. Finally, this paper discusses the applicability of Japan's experiences from the two aspects of policy formulation and management. By combining the actual needs of rural revitalization, it proposes an optimized approach and specific suggestions for the construction of a rural planning and management policy system with Chinese characteristics.