Abstract: The rapid development of tourism has led to the alienation of public space in ancient towns, resulting in spatial injustice problems such as the weakening of the rights and interests of the aboriginal people and the insufficient experience of tourists. From the perspective of spatial justice, this study takes Sanhe Ancient Town, Hefei City, Anhui Province as an empirical case study, and examines the behavioural patterns of residents and tourists in public space, and explores the elements of injustice and the reasons for their occurrence. The study finds that spatial injustice mainly stems from the lack of justice in the spatial allocation and use of space in the production process of tourism space. Based on this, the study proposes a strategy to enhance the development of public space in ancient towns in five aspects: sharing of spatial rights and interests in terms of diversity and inclusiveness, coordinating the boundaries of rights and interests in terms of publicity and affordability, safeguarding basic rights and interests in terms of security, empowering spatial governance in terms of management effectiveness, and optimising spatial paths in terms of connectivity, so as to provide a new path for reference to achieve the harmonious development of human-land relations in ancient towns.