Abstract: Against the backdrop of rapid global urbanization, two critical challenges hinder high-quality urban development: the extensive expansion of urban construction land and its low utilization efficiency. To address these issues, this study evaluates the adaptability, development intensity, and development potential of urban construction land in Jianli City, Hubei Province by integrating multi-source data and ArcGIS technology, with the aim of optimizing land use patterns and providing support for ecological civilization construction. Key findings are as follows: 1) Suitable and generally suitable areas for urban construction account for 15.74% and 39.23% of Jianli City's total administrative area, respectively, indicating significant development potential for the city; 2) There is a significant negative spatial correlation between urban construction land development intensity and development potential: development intensity increases gradually from the central urban area to the periphery, while development potential shows a corresponding decreasing trend; 3) For future development, priority should be given to the central urban area, followed by Xin'gou Town, Zhuhe Town, and Bailuo Town. In contrast, other townships should prioritize ecofriendly industries while safeguarding food security. The results of this research can provide a scientific reference for delineating the urban growth boundary of Jianli City and hold important theoretical and practical value for guiding the city's high-quality development.