Abstract: Owing to its unique geographical features, the Chaoshan region historically became a key area for trade and the spread of beliefs between Fujian and Guangdong provinces, with the belief of Tianhou flourishing particularly. Taking the distribution of Tianhou faith architecture in the Chaoshan Region as the research object, this study employs big data analysis of historical maps, distribution of markets, river networks, and ancient post roads. It examines the region from the spatiotemporal dimensions of historical events, geographical conditions, politics, and socioeconomics. The study distills and summarizes the spatial distribution pattern of ’from sea to land, belt-like diffusion, one core and four points, with convenient water and land transportation,’ which was formed by the combined effects of multiple factors, primarily driven by waterway post roads and commercial activities. Furthermore, it delves into the underlying mechanisms, explores the wisdom of the local people in constructing temples, and uncovers the diverse cultural values.