Abstract: County town construction serves as a crucial approach and an inevitable choice for advancing newtype urbanization and rural revitalization. Starting from the multidimensional integration of 'economy-livabilitysecurity-potential', this paper constructs an indicator system for assessing the construction and development level of county towns in Shaanxi Province. Based on the entropy method, it measures the construction and development level of 72 county towns in Shaanxi Province from 2015 to 2022. Subsequently, it employs the ESDA model to uncover the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and spatial correlations of county town construction. Finally, it utilizes the geographical detector model to identify the significant influencing factors of the construction and development level of county towns. The study finds that: 1) The overall construction and development level of county towns in Shaanxi Province is relatively low and exhibits a fluctuating trend. 2) There are type-based disparities in the construction and development level of county towns in Shaanxi Province, with the rankings of construction level and growth rate being completely opposite among the three types of county towns. 3) The construction and development level of county towns in Shaanxi Province shows a pronounced spatial agglomeration effect centered around 'one circle' and 'four poles'. The spatial distribution pattern has shifted from 'low level, high disparity' to 'high level, low disparity', and the overall spatial agglomeration effect tends to strengthen. 4) The main driving factors influencing the construction and development level of county towns in Shaanxi Province include the total retail sales of consumer goods, the number of legal entities, the actually invested funds, and the area of urban construction land, among others.