Abstract: Traditional villages, as cultural carriers of rural China, carry rich history and local culture. In the context of rural revitalization, the renewal of public spaces in traditional villages is of great significance for the protection of cultural heritage and socio-economic development. This study selected Qiqiao Village, Lixiang Village, Shuijing Village, and Shanxiaxu Village in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province as examples to construct a traditional village public space evaluation framework based on scene theory. It analyzed the characteristics and problems of four typical public space scenarios, and revealed the multidimensional functions of traditional village public spaces and their important role in social communication and cultural inheritance. The study finds that different spaces exhibit issues of mismatched functions and imbalanced behavioral manifestations. Based on the analysis results of the perception matrix, the study proposes four targeted renewal strategies according to the spatial characteristics of different quadrants: advantage space improvement, spatial environment transformation, spatial reconstruction activation, and potential space enhancement, providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for the sustainable development of traditional villages.