近代华侨影响下福建山区客家土楼侨村文化景观变迁——以漳州南靖德远堂宗族聚落为例

Cultural Landscape Transformation of Mountainous Hakka Tulou Hometowns in Fujian Under the Influence of Modern Overseas Chinese: A Case Study of the Deyuantang Clan Settlement in Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City

  • 摘要: 地处闽西南山区的福建客家土楼聚落不仅是传统农耕文化的产物,亦受到近代华侨文化的形塑。文章借助族谱方志与田野口述补充佐证,考察漳州南靖德远堂宗族聚落中土楼由“方”改“圆”、曲江市场兴建和石龙旗杆亭桥路建设的3类典型景观营建事件,分析华侨文化在传统聚落风水景观、近代海外社会生活景观及当代华侨文化纪念性景观中的融入过程,探讨山区侨村积极吸收华侨文化并转化性地创造强化农耕传统的景观特质,揭示华侨在福建土楼聚落遗产延续发展中的历史贡献。

     

    Abstract: Located in the mountainous regions of southwestern Fujian, the Hakka Tulou settlements are not only products of traditional agrarian culture but have also been reshaped by modern influences from Overseas Chinese. Drawing on genealogical records, local chronicles, and field oral histories as corroborative sources, this article examines three representative landscape transformations in the Deyuantang Clan Settlement of Nanjing County, Zhangzhou: the architectural shift from rectangular to circular Tulou structures, the construction of Qujiang Market, and the development of commemorative infrastructure incorporating ceremonial stone flagpoles, pavilions, bridges, and roads. It analyzes the integration of Overseas Chinese culture across three dimensions: the fengshui landscapes of traditional settlements, the transnational social-life landscapes of the modern era, and contemporary diasporic commemorative landscapes. The study reveals how the mountainous hometowns of Overseas Chinese actively assimilated and transformed this cultural influence to reinforce local agrarian traditions, thereby demonstrating the historical contributions of Overseas Chinese to the sustainable evolution of Fujian's Tulou settlements as living heritage.

     

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