Abstract: As urban development shifts from spatial expansion to resource optimization, culture-driven urban renewal has become a crucial approach to balance the preservation of urban historical heritage and the revitalization of spatial vitality. Conventional renewal models for historical and cultural districts often lead to the erosion of cultural values due to excessive commercialization and homogenization. This study innovatively adopts scene theory to construct a tailored analytical framework, which is used to evaluate cultural values, classify spatial scenes, and identify key influencing factors. Empirical results indicate that the scenes in the study area can be categorized into three typesfree leisure, local vernacular, and balanced development-based on the dimensions of authenticity, legitimacy, and theatricality. Notably, authenticity and legitimacy serve as the primary differentiating factors. Quantitative analysis identifies four critical built environment determinants: spatial integration (a space syntax metric), average building height, road network density, and street canyon aspect ratio. This research expands the application scope of scene theory and provides differentiated planning strategies for enhancing cultural values in China’s historical and cultural districts.