Abstract: Revealing the post-resettlement resilience characteristics of immigrant communities in the Southto-North Water Diversion Project holds significant importance for enhancing their sustainable development. Guided by the socio-ecological resilience theory, an evaluation index system for the resilience of immigrant communities is constructed from five dimensions: social networks, community economy, community environment, immigrant psychology, and community institutions. The comprehensive evaluation method and obstacle degree model are employed to analyze the resilience level characteristics and obstacle factors of immigrant communities in Zhongmou County, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province affected by the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The results show that: 1) The resilience of immigrant communities in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is generally at a low level, with obvious differences among communities. Yaowan Village has the highest resilience level, while Yangjia Village has the lowest. 2) The fractal community resilience is characterized by psychological resilience > community institutional resilience > social network resilience > community environmental resilience > community economic resilience. 3) The primary obstacles to the development of resilience in the resettlement communities are: household year-end savings deposits, educational attainment, per capita living space, perceived sense of community cohesion, frequency of emergency drills, and unmber of relatives and friends in the village.