Abstract: Clarifying the evolutionary process and inherent driving forces of the ‘Production-Living-Ecological' Space (PLES) in metropolitan areas is a prerequisite for promoting regional coordinated development. At present, a systematic research framework integrating spatial correlations, dynamic transformation mechanisms, underlying driving factors and complex interactions has not yet been fully established. From the perspective of complex adaptive system theory, this study constructs an integrated analytical framework by using the land-use transfer matrix, spatial overlay analysis, hotspot analysis and other quantitative methods. Taking the Xi'an Metropolitan Area as an empirical research case, this paper explores the spatial agglomeration patterns and evolutionary characteristics of PLES since the launch of the 13th Five-Year Plan. The results show that: within the study area, the PLES system presents typical agglomeration distribution patterns; its evolution is marked by spatially self-restrictive development and multi-objective orientation; and the spatiotemporal evolution paths of PLES are dominated by cross-stage land cover network variations. This study provides theoretical references and practical decision-making implications for systematic research and coordinated optimization of PLES construction in China's metropolitan areas.