Abstract: The industrial and mining sector constitutes a vital pillar and key component of China's industrial development. The concurrent agglomeration of residents and infrastructure accompanying its growth has progressively given rise to industrial and mining towns. This paper takes Fanshan Town in Lujiang County, Hefei City, Anhui Province as the research subject, conducting a comparative analysis with Fanshan Town in Cangnan County, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, which shares a ‘similar origin but divergent development paths'. Using the ‘mountain-water-mining landscape pattern' and ‘transportation network framework' as foundational elements, it innovatively introduces the refined analytical capabilities of space syntax for small-scale settlement spaces into the spatial diagnosis of industrial and mining towns. A ‘structure–framework' spatial network analysis system is constructed, offering a new quantitative tool for industrial heritage research. Through quantitative analysis of integration, choice, and intelligibility metrics for both towns using Depthmap software, the study achieves a logical progression from ‘spatial perception' to ‘spatial reconstruction', thereby providing insights and methodologies for the conservation and development of industrial and mining towns.