Abstract: Driven by the global energy transition and China's 'dual carbon' goals, hydrogen towns have become important vehicles for promoting regional green development. This paper, oriented toward sustainable development, analyzes the practical challenges in the development of hydrogen towns and establishes a typology of development models based on the developmental levels of industry, space, and governance. Empirical analyses are conducted using the cases of the Tokyo Olympic Village in Japan, Esslingen in Germany, and Rugao in Jiangsu Province, China. The findings are as follows: Hydrogen towns explore sustainable development through multidimensional pathways such as technological research and development, industrial agglomeration, and demonstration applications, yet they still face challenges including insufficient planning coordination, fragmented industrial chains, strong policy dependence, and a lack of governance mechanisms. By uncovering the inherent logic of sustainable development in hydrogen towns, this study constructs an analytical framework based on the three dimensions of industry, space, and governance. Based on the combinations of their respective intensities, eight development models are identified, including industry-led and space-led types. The case studies reveal that different models exhibit distinct strengths and challenges; nevertheless, achieving multidimensional synergy remains the key to sustainable development.