Abstract: The ecological adaptation of traditional villages is manifested not only in passive environmental regulation through terrain-responsive siting, courtyard organization, building envelopes, and locally sourced materials, but also in local knowledge, everyday practices, vernacular building skills, and collective maintenance. To address the building-centred focus of previous studies, weak cross-scale linkages, and the limited applicability of renewal strategies, this study develops a multiscale ecological adaptation framework comprising terrain responsiveness, spatial-climatic coupling, constructional adaptation, and material locality and circularity, with sociocultural symbiosis treated as a cross-scale enabling condition. Using Cuandixia Village in Mentougou District, Beijing City as a case study, the research combines short-term winter microclimate monitoring, long-term regional climate data, and scenario-based simulations of solar access and wind environments to characterize observed conditions during the monitoring period, define regional seasonal climate envelopes, and analyze spatial mechanisms under prescribed scenarios. To address cross-scale fragmentation, weak translation of evidence into technical requirements, and insufficient coordination between conservation and use, the study proposes a framework that integrates hierarchical diagnosis, evidence triangulation, scale-specific interventions, and collaborative governance across the project life cycle.