Abstract: To reveal the spatial differentiation patterns and environmental characteristics of traditional villages in Jiangxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for their differentiated protection, this study focuses on 568 national and provincial traditional villages. Utilizing ArcGIS spatial analysis and the K-means clustering algorithm, a systematic study was conducted by integrating three physical geography indicators: average elevation, terrain undulation, and distance to water systems. The results indicate that traditional villages in Jiangxi exhibit a clustered triangular ('pin'-shaped) distribution pattern. Based on the aforementioned environmental indicators, six initial clusters were generated through K-means analysis and further categorized into five distinct environmental types. This clarifies the spatial pattern of Jiangxi's traditional villages as 'dense in the north and sparse in the south, concentrated on plains, and scattered in mountains', while also revealing significant differences in dominant environmental types across different prefecture-level cities.